Tuesday, July 24, 2018
Saturday, November 11, 2017
Jekyll and Hyde
A while back I presented a lesson on Charles Dickens’ “A Christmas Carol” as it related to the theme of Biblical redemption. Being inspired by the Halloween season this time around, I thought I would turn to another classic work of literature, one a bit more dark and foreboding…
Written by Robert Louis Stevenson, the novella “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” was first published in 1886. Possibly one of the first psychological thrillers, the story examines the duality of man’s nature, the struggle between good and evil, and the hypocrisy of social culture in the Victorian era.
So popular is this classic story that the phrase “Jekyll and Hyde” is recognized as referring to one whose moral character varies from one moment to the next… Even by those who have never read the novella!
Perhaps you’ve read the story in school or recall seeing a film version of the tale. Whatever the case, most of us are familiar with the story... Or at least the basic summarization: Mild-mannered Dr. Henry Jekyll concocts a formula in an experiment that goes horribly wrong, transforming him into the monstrous Mr. Hyde! Thus, Jekyll is often remembered as being a sort of tragic figure plagued by his wicked persona, Hyde.
“All human beings, as we meet them, are commingled out of good and evil: and Edward Hyde, alone, in the ranks of mankind, was pure evil.”
― Robert Louis Stevenson, The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde
But a careful re-read of this classic reveals something truly frightening… Mr. Hyde would not exist at all if he did not first exist inside of Dr. Jekyll!
“I learned to recognise the thorough and primitive duality of man; I saw that, of the two natures that contended in the field of my consciousness, even if I could rightly be said to be either, it was only because I was radically both.”
The novella details that Jekyll has spent much of his life trying to suppress “uncouth” urges not fitting for a man of his status and reputation. Thus, his intention in creating his potion was to separate parts of his psyche in hopes of masking the evil hidden within himself. But the serum also transforms him into the manifestation of all his repressed wickedness: Mr. Hyde.
As Edward Hyde the man is haughty and self-indulgent, cruel and remorseless. Hyde freely engages in depravities that Henry Jekyll would never (publically) be involved in.
At first, it is suggested that Jekyll uses the serum in an intentional manner as a means to indulge in his vices without being discovered and subsequently shamed. As Hyde, he has a disguise that allows him indulge himself as pleased. But as time goes on, Jekyll finds himself changing against his will. He finds himself transforming without the serum while awake, and then, disturbingly, changing to Hyde in his sleep! Eventually, he has to actually take the potion in order to revert back to being Jekyll!
Dr. Jekyll ultimately realizes that he has become a slave to Mr. Hyde and the wickedness within his own heart.
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After all, we all have a wicked, lawless side that resides within us…
The Struggle Within
Just as there is struggle within Dr. Henry Jekyll between two parts of his psyche, all of mankind struggles with our sinful nature. From the moment we first learn of the difference between right and wrong and willfully choose the latter, we are caught up in the snares of sin.
Romans 3:23 …For all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God…
We who seek to please God find ourselves confronting the wickedness of sin. We realize that sin is damaging to our spiritual well-being and displeasing to God. Thus, we are at a constant conflict within ourselves. The better part of our nature, seeking to do good is at odds with our worldly, self-seeking desires.
Romans 7:21-24 I find then a law, that evil is present with me, the one who wills to do good. For I delight in the law of God according to the inward man. But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. O wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death?
Inward Corruption
I want to emphasize once again that the scariest part of the story of Jekyll and Hyde isn’t that that Hyde is a monster, but rather the idea that Hyde owes his existence to the evil that already resided in the heart of Jekyll. Likewise, we know that sin develops within before it manifests itself outwardly.
Jesus warned that we are corrupted from within.
Mark 7:20-23 And He said, “What comes out of a man, that defiles a man. For from within, out of the heart of men, proceed evil thoughts, adulteries, fornications, murders, thefts, covetousness, wickedness, deceit, lewdness, an evil eye, blasphemy, pride, foolishness. All these evil things come from within and defile a man.”
Elsewhere (Matthew 5) Jesus pointed out that murder, adultery; all sins begin in the heart. A hateful heart is what precedes any act of murder. Lustful thoughts, if not reigned in, inevitably lead to adultery.
The person we truly are inside has a way of manifesting itself in our words and deeds.
Luke 6:43-45 For a good tree does not bear bad fruit, nor does a bad tree bear good fruit. For every tree is known by its own fruit. For men do not gather figs from thorns, nor do they gather grapes from a bramble bush. A good man out of the good treasure of his heart brings forth good; and an evil man out of the evil treasure of his heart brings forth evil. For out of the abundance of the heart his mouth speaks.
Sinful actions don’t just happen spontaneously; the “seed” of sin must take root in the heart before it develops into word or deed. Sin grows within our hearts, sprouting from temptation. Of course, we know what the final outcome is.
James 1:15 Then, when desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, brings forth death.
Our sin separates us from God (Isaiah 59:1-2), ultimately leading to our spiritual death. But God promises us a means of avoiding this sad fate.
1 Corinthians 10:12-14 No temptation has overtaken you except such as is common to man; but God is faithful, who will not allow you to be tempted beyond what you are able, but with the temptation will also make the way of escape, that you may be able to bear it.
In submitting our will to God and cultivating a righteous heart, God will lead us away from temptation. If we allow Him to God will help us to dodge the entrapment of sin by aiding us in cutting it off at the root.
Hiding Iniquity
Aside from the psychological horror described in Robert Lois Stevenson’s story, one of the major themes explored in the novella is the hypocrisy of Victorian era social and moral culture. During the Victorian era great efforts were made to separate public from private. Victorian etiquette dictated “gentlemanly” or “lady-like” behavior in public, but ignored “uncivilized” behavior if done in private. The story of Jekyll and Hyde unflinchingly condemns the “inward lust” of “outward respectability”.
We know that our sin is wrong… otherwise we wouldn’t try to hide it! Like Jekyll we might seek to hide our sins from others, attempting to hide our ugly side to appear upright to those around us. But acting righteous is just that: Acting. Jesus criticized this type of behavior in the scribes and Pharisees.
Matthew 23:27 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs which indeed appear beautiful outwardly, but inside are full of dead men’s bones and all uncleanness. Even so you also outwardly appear righteous to men, but inside you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness.
Knowing this, we might still try to accomplish appearing righteous before others. The ploy might even work; we may even fool friends and family, members of the church.
However, no matter how good our disguise, God knows who we really are; we cannot hide our true nature from Him!
Hebrews 4:13 And there is no creature hidden from His sight, but all things are naked and open to the eyes of Him to whom we must give account.
Ecclesiastes 12:14 For God will bring every work into judgment, Including every secret thing, Whether good or evil.
James 5:16 Confess your trespasses to one another, and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The effective, fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much.
We might fear the judgement of others in sharing our failings. We might feel like we’re letting our church down in revealing that sin is still something we struggle with as mature Christians. However, I would argue that confessing our weaknesses and faults is actually helpful to all. Younger Christians benefit in the knowledge that the battle against sin is a lifelong endeavor. Mature Christians can continue to develop spiritually through humbling themselves. Obviously all Christians would benefit from the healing prayers of others.
I’m not going to pretend that this is something easily done. Even the most mature Christian may struggle in confessing their sins to their brothers and sisters in Christ. However, this is extremely important! If we are not confessing our sins to each other, we are doing ourselves and our church a great disservice.
Victory in the Struggle Within
While Jekyll is just a fictional character, the lessons we can learn from his horrifying story are all too real. The duality of Jekyll and Hyde forces us to confront the potential for evil that lurks deep within all of us. Jekyll’s experiment gone horribly wrong brings into focus the hypocrisy and folly of seeking to hide our sinful nature. But perhaps most importantly “The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde” reminds us of the struggle between good and evil that rages within each of us and the need for resolution.
While Jekyll’s internal struggle results in destruction and death, we still have a hope at overcoming our darker side and the sin it births.
Let us revisit a passage from earlier in the lesson...
Romans 7:21-24 I find then a law, that evil is present with me, the one who wills to do good. For I delight in the law of God according to the inward man. But I see another law in my members, warring against the law of my mind, and bringing me into captivity to the law of sin which is in my members. O wretched man that I am! Who will deliver me from this body of death?
At the end of this Paul rhetorically asked, “Who will deliver me?”
Of course, it is Christ who redeems us! Through His sacrifice we have the opportunity to escape the corruption of our sins. We can be forgiven of the wrongs we have committed and draw strength from Him in times of weakness.
Romans 7:25 I thank God—through Jesus Christ our Lord! So then, with the mind I myself serve the law of God, but with the flesh the law of sin.
The path to salvation begins with our recognizing the ugliness of sin and in seeking to develop a heart that yearns to serve God. In this way the mind is able to overcome the flesh, attaining ultimate victory through submission to Christ!
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References:
http://www.noelgreen.com/2014/06/jekyll-and-hyde/
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strange_Case_of_Dr_Jekyll_and_Mr_Hyde
Sunday, August 27, 2017
“Woe to You!”
It's interesting to consider the way that the very first and last lessons Jesus taught during His earthly ministry bookend each other...
Recall that Jesus began his earthly ministry with "Sermon on the Mount" in Matthew 5. In particular, the "Beatitudes" were a message of hope to the hopeless, directed toward the poor in spirit, the heartbroken; this was a series of blessings for those that hungered and thirsted for righteousness. Certainly it is a great comfort to read through this chapter even today! As one not at home in this world, Jesus promises a bright future of hope!
Unfortunately, there are some who have attempted to soften Jesus’ image. They may say that the Son of God only preached compassion and that His words were always uplifting and encouraging. They try to paint Jesus as a preacher who avoided topics such as condemnation and Hell.
What a shock and discomfort Matthew 23 must be for these individuals! In His last public address Jesus concentrated solely on the religious class of the day. Here He doesn’t hold back his disdain for the conduct and character of the Scribes and Pharisees. Therefore, this chapter is sometimes accompanied with the subtitle “the Seven Woes”.
To those who believe that the Bible describes two different Gods – that the God of the Old Testament was cruel and judgmental, while the God of New Testament is gracious and kind – Matthew 23 stands as a reminder that God is the same throughout the Bible. Jesus’ condemnation of the Pharisees is just as fierce of a rebuke as anything we can read coming from any of the Old Testament prophets. We must remember that God is consistent and the same through all of time, and this includes the Old and New Testaments.
More importantly, we need to pay close attention to why Jesus was so stern in His rebuke of the Scribes and Pharisees. After all, these were religious men who were “confident of their own righteousness” (Luke 18:9).
As a people aspiring toward righteousness today, we must be careful to avoid the pitfalls of these clearly un-righteous men! Do these woes apply to us today?
Woe to You for Shutting the Kingdom
Matthew 23:13-15 But woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you shut the kingdom of heaven in people's faces. For you neither enter yourselves nor allow those who would enter to go in. Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you travel across sea and land to make a single proselyte, and when he becomes a proselyte, you make him twice as much a child of hell as yourselves.
The scribes and Pharisees were diligent in their observation of the Law. They regularly attended synagogue, tithed, prayed, and even preached. They were held in high regard within the Jewish community. They even acted as evangelists, seeking to convert those around them.
However, the Pharisees weren’t usually looking for those who didn’t know God at all.
Instead, they looked for people to convert to their own particular “brand” of religion. Many of them had their own ideas on traditions and theories for their respective sect and sought to exclude all others. Even worse, the corrupt teachings of the Pharisees bred a legion of "converted" false teachers who would perpetuate lies, thereby spreading condemnation.
Matthew 15:3, 7-9 And why do you break the commandment of God for the sake of your tradition? You hypocrites! Well did Isaiah prophesy of you, when he said: ‘This people honors me with their lips, but their heart is far from me; in vain do they worship me, teaching as doctrines the commandments of men.’
Are we guilty of the same? Have we set up a system of rules where the message is “do everything our way or else”? Are we some kind of denomination of the church described in the Bible? Have we created our own traditions that we’ve tried make necessary to in order enter Heaven? Do we attempt to impose a dress code for attending worship? Do we put a heavy emphasis on church attendance? Do we attempt to make a sin out of things the Bible doesn't list as such, like smoking, tattoos, etc?
I certainly hope that we are seeking to be a part of the one church that Jesus came to establish. I hope that we only preach God’s Word, nothing more and nothing less.
Acts 20:27 …For I did not shrink from declaring to you the whole counsel of God.
Woe to You for Being Deceitful
Matthew 23:16-22 Woe to you, blind guides, who say, ‘If anyone swears by the temple, it is nothing, but if anyone swears by the gold of the temple, he is bound by his oath.’ You blind fools! For which is greater, the gold or the temple that has made the gold sacred? And you say, ‘If anyone swears by the altar, it is nothing, but if anyone swears by the gift that is on the altar, he is bound by his oath.’ You blind men! For which is greater, the gift or the altar that makes the gift sacred? So whoever swears by the altar swears by it and by everything on it. And whoever swears by the temple swears by it and by him who dwells in it. And whoever swears by heaven swears by the throne of God and by him who sits upon it.
Here Jesus criticized a religious ritual that the Pharisees had created around making oaths.
The Pharisees were seeking loopholes when it came to oaths taking a “collateral” approach. The whole system went something like this: If you swore by the Temple, that wasn’t a binding oath because you don’t own the Temple. But, if you swore by the “gold in the Temple” that was a binding oath, because some of that gold might have been yours. However, if you swore by the altar, you could lie all you wanted. BUT… If you swore by the sacrifice on the altar, you’d better be telling the truth!!! What a crooked and convoluted scheme! Basically, the Pharisees were looking for ways to be underhandedly dishonest!
Concerning oaths, we know that Jesus had elsewhere strictly warned against the practice. He said that a simple “yes” or “no” should be enough and that any oath beyond that was of “the evil one”. God certainly wouldn’t approve of His children being untruthful or looking for loopholes.
Zechariah 8:17 …Do not devise evil in your hearts against one another, and love no false oath, for all these things I hate, declares the Lord.
Woe to You for Neglecting the Heart of the Law
Matthew 23:23-24 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you tithe mint and dill and cumin, and have neglected the weightier matters of the law: justice and mercy and faithfulness. These you ought to have done, without neglecting the others. You blind guides, straining out a gnat and swallowing a camel!
Next, Jesus attacked the Pharisees’ methods of tithing. During their time, tithing was the form of contribution by which the Temple was kept, how religious feasts and festivals were funded, and funded the needs of the poor. The Pharisees were incredibly meticulous in their tithing, to the point of ridiculousness. Everything had to be exact… Everything.
Recall that the tithe was a contribution by which you gave 10% of what you earned or prospered. The Pharisees took this to a scrupulous extreme in which even their spices measured to exactly ten percent! Elsewhere, we read that the Pharisees criticized Jesus for not washing His hands (Luke 11:37) and His disciples for “working on the Sabbath” by simple collecting grains to eat as they walked through a field (Luke 6:1-5). The Pharisees were the epitome of legalism. According to their inflexible brand of religion, every law, even the most minute had to be followed exactly!
Jesus pointed out that the Pharisees worried so much about these minor issues that they missed the whole point of the law completely! As Jesus said, they “strained out a gnat to swallow a camel” (Matthew 23:24)! The Pharisees focused so much on minor matters such as how to tithe that they overlooked the major matters that God truly cares about.
What truly concerns God is the attitudes within our hearts. Are we merciful? Are we forgiving? A legalistic attitude doesn’t leave much room for these traits. A heart with a true passion for Christ can’t help but show compassion for people.
The Pharisees were shown time and again to be very petty. We probably know our fair share of petty individuals... Petty people are constantly on the lookout for something to be angry or offended about. They get their feelings hurt constantly over imagined slights like something as minor as receiving a wrong look or someone failing to say “hi”. These folks are often so unhappy because they're looking for someone or something to complain about!
Are we as legalistic as the Pharisees? Do we focus more on “churchy” rules and procedures than we do the people of God’s Kingdom themselves? Do we practice pettiness over true piety?
Hopefully this is not the case. While we should be concerned with following God’s Word, I hope that we don’t lose focus on purpose behind His laws. I hope that we love people over procedures and that our time and effort are focused on the weightier matters of Scripture such as justice and mercy. I hope that we seek opportunities to serve others.
“Love is the identifying mark of Christianity. I a world of hate, envy, and anger, love sticks out like a healthy thumb. When anyone walks away from an encounter with us, that person should remember our love, not our convictions.” – Rodney Pickett
John 13:34-35 A new commandment I give to you, that you love one another; as I have loved you, that you also love one another. By this all will know that you are My disciples, if you have love for one another.
Woe to You for Hypocrisy
Matthew 23:25-28 Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you clean the outside of the cup and the plate, but inside they are full of greed and self-indulgence. You blind Pharisee! First clean the inside of the cup and the plate, that the outside also may be clean. Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! For you are like whitewashed tombs, which outwardly appear beautiful, but within are full of dead people's bones and all uncleanness. So you also outwardly appear righteous to others, but within you are full of hypocrisy and lawlessness.
Jesus used the term “hypocrites!” throughout this passage, but here really drives the point home.
The word “hypocrite” is actually a Greek term that refers to actors in the theater. As we know, actors are only playing a role when they are onstage. Offstage, they are completely different in speech and conduct!
Jesus further made his point with two illustrations. He first compared the Pharisees to dirty dishes. Can you imagine drinking and eating from dinnerware that was clean on the outside, but dirty on the inside? What a disgusting prospect! Jesus said that the Pharisees were full of greed and self-indulgence. We know from other scriptures that the Pharisees certainly were greedy as we are told that they “devoured widows’ houses” (Luke 20:47), perhaps appealing to the generosity of the lonely and swindling them of their savings. Likewise we know that the Pharisees were self-indulgent, as they enjoyed a position of respect and privilege (Luke 20:46) all while they pretended to be pious.
Along the same lines, Jesus compared the Pharisees to whitewashed tombs. No matter how beautiful or tidy a mausoleum appears on the outside, these structures are monuments to the death and decay they hold within. The Pharisees merely made a show of being righteous and therefore Jesus essentially says that they were dead and unclean on the inside.
We know that God is concerned not with outward appearances, but rather the content of our hearts. He looks at us from the inside out. He knows us through and through. He knows our motives and intentions whether they be good or ill.
1 Samuel 16:7 … For the Lord sees not as man sees: man looks on the outward appearance, but the Lord looks on the heart.
Are we – like the Pharisees – concerned with appearances only? Are we righteous on the outside only? Are we seeking the approval of men or God?
Matthew 6:1, 5 Beware of practicing your righteousness before other people in order to be seen by them, for then you will have no reward from your Father who is in heaven… And when you pray, you must not be like the hypocrites. For they love to stand and pray in the synagogues and at the street corners, that they may be seen by others. Truly, I say to you, they have received their reward.
I hope that we are not focused on shallow, short-term rewards like impressing those around us, but that we are sincere in our works and worship. I hope that we are focused on truly serving the Lord, in word in thought and in deed, outward and inward. I hope that we are focused on the ultimate reward…
Proverbs 11:8 The wicked man does deceptive work, But he who sows righteousness will have a sure reward.
Conclusion: “How will You Escape?”
Jesus concluded his sermon with a very pointed statement: “Serpents, brood of vipers! How can you escape the condemnation of hell?” Matthew 23:33
Notice that Jesus spoke with compassion to the worst of sinners, but he ripped right into the religious hypocrites! This calls for us all to examine ourselves!
Are we shutting the Kingdom? Do we seek to impose additional rules to enter Heaven? Or do we preach only from God’s Word?
Are we deceitful? Do we look for loopholes? Or do we seek to obey God with sincerity?
Do we neglect the heart of the Gospel? Are we focused on minor rule-keeping? Or are we more concerned with the mercy, compassion and justice that God truly cares about?
Are we guilty of hypocrisy? Do we make a show of being righteous? Or do we truly desire to please God?
Looking back at Jesus’ first public lesson, Jesus warned against becoming like the Pharisees…
Matthew 5:20 For I tell you, unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will never enter the kingdom of heaven.
So how do we attain a righteousness beyond that of the Pharisees?
The Bible tells us that the righteousness of God comes through Christ alone!
Romans 3:21-22 But now the righteousness of God has been manifested apart from the law, although the Law and the Prophets bear witness to it—the righteousness of God through faith in Jesus Christ for all who believe.
We allow Christ to become our righteousness through living by faith and allowing Him to reign over our heart!
Galatians 2:20 I have been crucified with Christ. It is no longer I who live, but Christ who lives in me. And the life I now live in the flesh I live by faith in the Son of God, who loved me and gave himself for me.
Sunday, August 20, 2017
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